The Cheap Betrayal of the Hashemite Kingdom of JordanWhy Would Loving Parents Throw Their Precious Baby Out With the Bath Water?I fully acknowledge that an unknown circumstance in the apparent betrayal of an oldest son of his father could reveal that this seeming betrayal was actually not a betrayal at all. Rather, some unknown circumstance could reveal that a compassionate decision was made by a wise young King who is a faithful son and a caring older brother. Nevertheless, I have a deep sense that there is no redeeming explanation at all that will cancel out the depth of this personal, bitter betrayal of an oldest son of his father and his King; that will cancel out the personal bitter betrayal of an older brother of his younger brother; that will cancel out the dark, blemish and ugly stain that has marred the nobility of Jordan’s noble Hashemite legacy. If there does exist such a redeeming circumstance, I offer my most sincere apologies for having inappropriately come to the false conclusions that have driven me to write this paper. If indeed there is such a justifying, extenuating circumstance, I truly ask forgiveness for the judgmental, harsh words that I am writing for many eyes to see. But, since I have not yet heard even a hint of such a redeeming circumstance, I will proceed to obey my conscience and write, while making the assumption that there is no justifiable explanation for this cruel betrayal of an oldest son of his own loving father who also was his King. The important decision to have Prince Abdullah become King upon the death of his father was not a quick, capricious decision made only a few moments before King Hussein passed into the presence of ALLAH. The future implications and understandings regarding this significant choice, I assume were discussed thoroughly between the King and his oldest son, Abdullah in the days, if not weeks proceeding the King’s death. Additionally, the binding agreement between the father and son that the oldest son of the twenty year marriage of King Hussein with his wife Queen Noor, that the newly appointed Crown Prince Hamzah would be the new King if anything happened to Abdullah, must have been clearly agreed upon. In reality, a quite reasonable case can be made that the King could have easily appointed Prince Hamzah to be the new King instead of Prince Abdullah, if there had been any partiality on the part of the King to have the oldest son of his longest marriage reign in his place as the new King. After all, Prince Hamzah was older than Crown Prince Hussein had been when he had assumed the responsibilities of the throne. Additionally, Hamzah was at least as well trained if not better trained than the youthful King Hussein had been. Also, it is not insignificant that his own highly educated and quite experienced Queen mother would be especially suitable as a mature advisor in the early years of him assuming the responsibility of being the new King. For twenty years she had been intricately involved in Kingdom affairs at the side of her loving husband who was consistently quite open with her. Yet, the just King Hussein went with what his wise mind told him and with what he decided in his heart was the wisest choice for his Kingdom. Yes, indeed it would have been the correct choice if his oldest son Abdullah would have had sufficient positive character to have been faithful to his solemn promise to his father as his father wrongly assumed that he would be. I am personally certain that King Hussein so strongly trusted the character of Prince Abdullah that never in the dying King’s wildest imagination did he dream that his oldest son, when he became the new King, would betray and betray and betray. He would betray his own father who had not only earned the respect of the entire Kingdom but he had earned the respect of the entire world. He would betray his own half brother who was now a young, wise adult who had earned the respect of the Bedouin armed forces, the respect of the Jordanian military and the respect of the vast majority of the people of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. He would also betray the respected woman who for twenty years had been his father’s Queen, his own caring step-mother, the adored wife of his father who had been the King’s trusted companion and support, and on occasions, his father’s virtual nurse. But the dying King also never dreamed that his oldest son would even betray his own trusting people, the people to whom the King had consistently given of himself to faithfully serve. Neither did King Hussein suspect that his oldest son would dare to betray the precious and honored legacy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the term Hashemite revealing a direct lineage from the Prophet himself; that he would have no reluctance to betray this sacred legacy that his father, the King had served so faithfully in so many dangerous and trying circumstances. Moreover, how could he even consider betraying so many military persons in the Kingdom who had fought so bravely to preserve the Hashemite legacy and in many cases had given their life’s blood to preserve this honorable legacy? Yes, the dying father knew in his heart that the new King would honor his sacred promise to keep Hamzah as the Crown Prince, the next in line for the throne, for not to keep that sacred promise would be to betray ALLAH, in whose very presence, the sacred promise was made. Yet, amazingly, the new King did brazenly choose to break a sacred promise made to his own father, the one man in contemporary history who had labored longer, harder, more effectively and more sincerely for his people than any other world statesman. Furthermore, all of this faithful service to his people was done in the face of fierce opposition with more enormous obstacles to overcome than any other contemporary leader had ever endured. For the majority of his long reign as King, he labored tirelessly to not only achieve a just peace for Palestinians, but also for Jordanians, for Egyptians, for Syrians, for Lebanese, for Iraqis as well as for Israelis. In contrast, the relatively untested replacement King has much more experience using his expertise in the English language to impress English speaking audiences with his lofty idealism, than he has had laboring from his heart for the welfare of his own Arab Jordanian people and for the Arab Palestinians. Yet, despite his obvious inexperience he found it relatively easy to betray his very special father. For it is much more convenient for this apparently superficial King to give a University lecture in excellent English about integrity, transparency, ethics and shared decision making than it is for him to practice similar qualities regarding keeping a sacred promise that he solemnly made in Arabic but broke to one of the finest men who had ever lived who happened to also have been his father and his King. Sadly, the new King appears to have found it rather a simple task to betray an amazing King who believed so strongly in being a dedicated peacemaker that he came exceedingly close to having prevented the first Gulf War. Yes, if he had not been totally disrespected, undermined and cruelly manipulated by the former CIA director’s devious Presidential Administration, he would have prevented rivers of blood from being uselessly shed in both Kuwait and Iraq. Also, the double tongued Hosni Mubarak must be given major credit for deviously undermining King Hussein in order to prevent him from preventing the first Gulf War. If the King had not been so ruthlessly betrayed by the first Bush Administration with the complicity of Hosni Mubarak from preventing that war, he would not only have saved tens of thousands from cruel deaths but he also would have prevented hundreds of thousands of precious human beings from being displaced when families from many nations lost their sources of income due to that ugly preventable war. He also would have prevented hundreds of American military personnel from returning to the U.S. with debilitating long term illnesses. His personal peacemaking efforts with the ambitious and vicious Iraqi President, Saddam Hussein, could actually have done much more than only have prevented that awful war with all of its horrific consequences. Preventing that war quite probably would have created the circumstances to prevent the present Gulf War, which now has the dreadful potential to expand into an even worse bloody civil war. Each day of the effective resistance to the U.S. occupation increasingly reveals that President Bush’s arrogance and naiveté has expertly laid the foundation for a possible complicated civil war in Iraq. It must be realized that when large, powerful nations such as the U.S. develop comprehensive economies, these economies can become exceptionally dependant on the voracious appetites of their always hungry, huge military-industrial-complexes. The perceptive Dwight D. “Ike” Eisenhower sternly warned partially blind U.S. policy makers about this grave danger. Regretfully, his stern warning fell on ears that were so stuffed with hundred dollar bills that they could not hear his warning. So tragically, the assumption is all too often made by relatively wealthy political policy makers with input from both military and industrial personnel who are also fairly wealthy, that economically stimulating wars are too often the simple and money making answer to solving complex problems between stronger and weaker nations. (For those who doubt my emphasis on the part that making money plays in the serious down playing of the importance of diplomacy so that bloody wars can be prevented, I urge you to take a long look at the monthly income of only one humble, self-effacing man who has been heavily involved in U.S. political decisions made regarding defense contracts etc. Bob Dole and his wife were listed by Money Magazine as pulling in an excess of 3.5 million dollars per year in their retirement, which of course included fat government pensions etc. Compare that to the monthly income of the U.S. war widow of a Private First Class, with three children who lost her husband to a road side bomb in Iraq or to the monthly income of the Iraqi widow of a father of five in Iraq who lost her totally innocent civilian husband to a U.S. cluster bomb which is magically expected to kill only the enemy.) So it is not at all inconceivable that if the always hungry military industrial complex could have been at least temporarily locked in a box or in a closet and not allowed to use its many evil tentacles to interfere with serious peace mediations and negotiations with Saddam Hussein, which did not have humiliating him as their primary goal, the earlier Gulf War could most likely have been prevented. So if there had been support from the U.S. without interference and with the serious cooperation of peace oriented Arab leaders, with the definite exception of the untrustworthy Mubarak of Egypt, that King Hussein could have done a great service for Iraq, for the Middle East and for the entire world by preventing that war. (This is with the exception of Israel who definitely wanted a stable or unstable Saddam Hussein dead or in prison.) Through his spear heading skillful negotiation and mediation with President Hussein of Iraq, King Hussein quite possibly would have convinced him of the advantages of moderating his repressive and also power hungry regime whose problems were exacerbated by the viciousness of his two sons. Of course, King Hussein was no longer living when the U.S. foolishly initiated the second Gulf War with the enthusiastic support of Tony Blair of Great Britain. However, if the often purposely undermined and isolated King Hussein of Jordan had not deliberately been treated with contempt by myopic officials in the first Bush Administration and sabotaged by the jealous, and hostile Mubarak of Egypt, two interrelated circumstance would have existed in the Middle East, which would have probably kept Hussein alive to continue to benefit the Mid-East. One is that if King Hussein had been truly treated with respect and support as a “peacemaker”, he would have succeeded as a peacemaker. Instead, he was consistently undermined and blamed at every opportunity. The second related factor is, that if he had been supported rather than isolated and constantly forced to endure hostile harassment, there is a strong chance that he would still be alive today and still mediating, rather than having been driven to a premature death by stress induced Lymphoma. For it was constantly in stress, pre-lymphoma conditions where this King was forced to live due to the relentless efforts of other leaders to undermine and sabotage his tireless efforts at peacemaking, constantly harassing him to his early death by stress induced lymphoma. This is with the refreshing exception of Israel’s Yitzhak Shamir, who himself suffered the ultimate in harassment; murder. Wise and skillful negotiation plays a vital role in Arab culture which is often neither appreciated nor recognized by superior feeling policy makers in the West. Especially is it a process which requires patience, skill and fairness. But these qualities are not valued by Sharon and Netanyahu or by the two wild-west contributions, George “gun slinging, pro military-industrial-complex, Texas, big business oil man” Bush and his partner in crime, Dick “Halliburton-fat military contracts” Cheney. But there is little question that if King Hussein’s gifts as a peacemaker/mediator would have been supported by U.S. policy makers who proceeded these present two inept U.S. clowns, with half the intensity and faithfulness with which the U.S. supports the nation of Israel in its illegal activities, there is no doubt that many circumstances in the Mid East and especially in Iraq, would be quite different today. If King Hussein had not been harassed to such an early death and could have consistently trusted the U.S. to support him rather than to sabotage him in his peace efforts, here is a short list of what would be different today. 1. His efforts definitely would have resulted in an agreement with Saddam Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait which would have prevented the first Gulf War with all of its tragic deaths and multiple other suffering which occurred as a result of this preventable and actually contrived war. 2. The tragic chaos and awful bloodshed occurring today in Iraq would quite probably not be occurring since the first Gulf War definitely would have been prevented and would have not set the stage for the second Gulf War. So if King Hussein would have remained alive and would have this time been supported by the U.S. and not sabotaged and would have also been supported this time by other Arab nations in a concerted, cooperative, constructive effort and campaign to modify President Saddam Hussein’s treatment of his own people and to modify his bellicose behavior toward other nations without the U.S.’s own agenda for the Mid East constantly interfering, there would have remained no ready made excuse for our nation to implement our desire to restructure and modify all the nations of the Mid East beginning with Iraq. But, because King Hussein himself was no longer alive to moderate President Hussein of Iraq, President Bush and Tony Blair could say that Saddam was ready to use weapon’s of mass destruction against the U.S. and even cleverly leave the impression in a majority of U.S. citizen’s minds that due to his alleged link with Al Qaeda, that alleged link somehow made him partially responsible for 9/11. Thus, these lies provided the convenient smokescreen to begin to implement the evil plan invented by the charlatan Wolfowitz with input from the dissident Iraqi criminal, Chalaby. So they were able to convince gullible Washington D.C. policy makers that it would be easy to use our mighty military industrial complex to establish Democracy in Iraq so that the whole Mid East would even fall into line and establishing thriving Democracies like they were supposed to be witnessing in Iraq. This successful restructuring would then prevent Benjamin Netanyahu’s characterization of the Muslim nations from any longer being true, that these nations were supposedly a large contaminated swamp in which terrorists could breed who wanted to do harm to the U.S. and Israel. But, previous U.S. leaders and others had so successfully undermined and sabotaged King Hussein that they made certain that he was no longer available to counter-act this sloppy thinking and the out right lies which led to this present horrible war in Iraq. 3. A living King Hussein could have prevented the U.S. from implementing stupid Neocon policy which has caused our nation’s leaders to be intensely hated throughout the world by millions and millions of persons who are both Muslims and who are not Muslims because of our unparralled arrogance and naiveté. Our leaders are the object of ridicule for thinking that we will successfully kill so many men of terror in Iraq that there will not be sufficient numbers remaining alive or who are not in prison, to come to the U.S. to commit horrible acts of Terrorism against U.S. citizens. Yet, many of these potential victims supported the re-election of the Neoconservative Republican George Bush. 4. If King Hussein would have lived, the naïve George “terrorists will not be victorious on my watch” Bush would not have become the world’s most effective recruiter of young Sunni Muslims to become murders of the innocent. He is such a zealous recruiter that he virtually provokes and coerces disenfranchised young men to express their rage for how Muslims are being treated and in their eyes murdered in especially Iraq, but also in the West Bank, in Gaza and in the Iraq war’s prisons. With the aid of King Hussein’s wise counsel, President Bush would not have become much more effective than Osama Bin Laden could ever wish to be in recruiting these mostly unemployed, disillusioned young men to commit horrible acts of terror against the innocent. He also has far surpassed Al Qaeda’s chief executive officer (CEO) in his effectiveness of conditioning and even brain washing young minds in order for them to be willing to pay the price of becoming potential suicide bombers. 5. If the peacemaking King Hussein would have remained alive his peace making influence may have even prevented 9/11. But, if it had not and his counsel would have been listened to about not trusting the notorious Bank Robber so hated in both Lebanon and Jordan, Ahmed Chalabi, much evil could have been avoided. Specifically this gangster would not have been allowed to convince Pentagon and State Dept. naive clowns on how easy it would be for the U.S. military to convert Iraq into a peaceful show case Democracy and thus pacify the entire Muslim Middle East. This counsel alone by the wise King to not trust a person wanted in both Lebanon and Jordan for serious bank embezzlement involving tens of millions of dollars, who caused many suicides by those who lost their entire life’s savings because of his bank fraud could have in itself prevented the current Iraq catastrophe. 6. The U.S. would not be trillions of dollars in debt from the Iraq war leaving America’s coming generations to be unable to pay off this huge debt and to lose their social security and possibly their nation because of it. 7. Over 1,700 American families and a multitude of families of other nations would not spend the rest of their lives deeply grieving the loss of their loved ones in a useless, foolish war in Iraq. 8. Thousands and thousands of innocent Iraqis would not be dead or maimed and hundreds of thousands of others would not be living in a nation in chaos with no security or basic necessities in many heavily populated parts of the country. 9. A politically modified and changed Saddam could still be leading a stable Iraq and have become more similar to the person he had previously been when a previous Republican administration had so enthusiastically supported him and made a great show of at least pretending to respect him as the leader of a stable ally of the U.S. But I do acknowledge that during the period we were enthusiastically supporting him and a young Dick Cheney was photographed warmly shaking his hand was the period that we were aware that he had murdered thousands of his own people. But at that time we found it politically and economically to our advantage and convenience not to allow these crimes to interfere with the supposedly warm relationship between two cooperating nations. 10. If King Hussein had been harassed to death a decade later, the U.S. quite probably would not have simplistically, under Wolfowitz’s counsel, tried to manipulate the fragile political stability of the entire Middle East by our comprehensive crusade to restructure all of the nations to fit the U.S. and Israel’s needs, beginning with Iraq in order to fulfill our own agenda. So he could have conceivably dissuaded us from using our advanced military technology lubricated by rivers of blood and supported by billions of dollars in deficit financing, in order to use overwhelming military force to convert Iraq into a show case Democracy so that the Middle East would have the stability to continue to simultaneously meet U.S. oil needs while not being a threat to Israel. 11. If King Hussein had been allowed to be living today, even if 9/11 had occurred and even though Osama Bin Laden had not been taken “dead or alive,” if the wise King of Jordan had been allowed to influence someone so lacking in wisdom but as powerful as President Bush, this impulsive President would not have foolishly and arrogantly invaded Iraq, so there would be substantially less terrorism in the entire world today. By not invading, the U.S. would not have so effectively enflamed and enraged the Muslim young men of so much of the world by providing them with such an attractive or easily rationalized cause to both live for and to die for. But all of the potential for peaceful achievements in both Iraq and with Israel have been mostly wasted because of the previously discussed prevailing attitude that problems between nations are solved by war and not by diplomacy and negotiation, so war first is a major pillar of the Neocons. This simple minded mode of thinking is largely due to the heavy handed culture that has been inspired by the previously mentioned “military industrial complex” driven economy of the U.S. This whole military culture further feeds upon the totally immoral assumption that “might make right”. So this immoral assumption supposedly justifies feeding to the perpetually hungry military industrial complex monster, the living bodies of Arab Muslims. Perhaps however, just as destructive for the welfare of the Middle East, for the U.S. and for the entire world is this equally false lie and related destructive assumption made by U.S. policy makers. They consistently assume that always using their might and money to support the nation of Israel and the goals and desires of Israeli Zionism consistently takes moral precedence over any imbalance of justice for an occupied, prosecuted and oppressed Palestinian people. These two false assumptions of always satisfying the enormous hunger of the insatiable U.S. military industrial complex which the wise General Ike Eisenhower warned about and always satisfying Zionism’s needs appears to consistently take precedence over a vital activity that has extremely high priority to ALLAH. This is encouraging and supporting key Arab leaders such as King Hussein in using their considerable gifts in mediation when potential wars seem inevitable. So the U.S. consistently undermined an ALLAH prepared Peacemaker in its midst when the first Gulf War definitely could have been prevented. Yes, though betrayed by the first Bush Administration and Hosni Mubarak and a decade later, by his own first born son, he was truly a zealous Peacemaker. This peacemaker was so genuine in his peacemaking efforts, that according to the wise words of a Jewish Prophet whom the Quran speaks of ever so highly, King Hussein had himself earned the honorable symbolic title of “Son of God.” Significantly, this Prophet who so highly valued peacemakers was himself a peacemaker. But for his own efforts to bring peace between man and man and between GOD and man, unappreciative, hostile Israeli leaders paid this Prophet of ALLAH in their own bizarre way. They nailed him to a cross in Jerusalem to suffer and to die between two convicted criminals. Significantly, before his illegal execution he had proclaimed as is recorded in Matthew 5:9. Blessed be the peacemakers for they will be called “Sons of God.” Furthermore, the often betrayed King Hussein, according to the sacred writing of the earthly half brother of the Risen Messiah, will finally receive another reward for his valiant efforts as a peacemaker. According to James 3:18, this King will receive one of the finest harvests any human being can ever receive – “a harvest of righteousness.” Of course, I am in no position to be aware of whatever weaknesses and blind spots this amazing King had nor do I know of the mistakes which he undoubtedly made. Possibly he even made errs in judgment that unjustly brought psychological or physical suffering to innocent persons. But I am so certain that in the sight of ALLAH, King Hussein was such a strategically important peacemaker in the Middle East, that if I were a son who betrayed him after his death, this is what would happen each night in my life. Each and every night I would uncontrollably tremble so much in my bed that the whole bed would violently shake if not the whole room. This violent shaking would continue each night until I finally received from ALLAH enough humility to acknowledge to Him and to the people of the Hashemite Kingdom that I had made a terrible err in demoting Crown Prince Hamzah and would reinstate him. Until I had actually reinstated him I would live in constant fear of what the decision against me would be at my future judgment. (Also, if I were one of the King’s trusted advisors who had encouraged him to rip the Crown Prince designation from Prince Hamzah, I would also live in mortal fear.) In my heart I would continually be aware of one awful reality. My one immoral decision to break my sacred promise to my dying father about retaining Hamzah as my Crown Prince would force me to plead guilty to a horrible crime that I could have avoided being charged with if it were not for this one immoral decision. At my final judgment I will helplessly plead guilty to the moral equivalent of retroactive, virtual TREASON!” After I had gone to bed after having written these strong charges against the King, I questioned in my mind whether I had been too harsh in my judgments. However, I awoke two or three times in the middle of the night pondering the great struggle and the sacrifices so many military men made for the Kingdom of Jordan during what is commonly referred to as Black September as described in the book “Hussein of Jordan” by James Lunt. But then something quite unexpected happened in my thought process. While I was actually trying to convince myself to not criticize the new King at all or at the least, to soften my criticism of him, I decided that I had a responsibility to actually be stronger in my comments about his betrayal of his father who had been his King. King Hussein had his strong commitment to ALLAH through Islam while my own commitment to ALLAH is somewhat different. My commitment to our One ALLAH is mainly through His Risen Messiah who, ALLAH empowered to be triumphant over death after he was brutally murdered on a cross by Chief Priests and Israeli leaders. Yet, though our commitment to ALLAH has its differences, I remain steadfastly convinced of one bedrock reality. The ALLAH in whom we both believe was exceptionally involved in King Hussein’s relentless peace efforts concerning the Middle East. Therefore, when I read all of the amazing details included in James Lunt's account of the fierce, intense fighting in the events which came to be known as “Black September” I was overwhelmed with how obvious it was to me that it was “ALLAH” who preserved the Hashemite Kingdom and its King during that terrible month, and during other very troubled times. I am also convinced that had the Bedouin fighters and the Jordanian Army had any less dedication to their King and to the Hashemite Kingdom than they had, the Hashemite Kingdom would have ended that month and King Hussein probably would have been slain. Consequently, in 1999, when this courageous King finally lost his battle to lymphoma, there would have been no stable Hashemite Kingdom to hand over to any new King. So, if it had not been for the rare courage of the King and his many courageous supporters, his untested, pragmatic, businessman, oldest son would have been spared the shame of betraying his father for there would have been no Kingdom to hand over to him for which he would need a Crown Prince. But reading about the tremendous sacrifices the King and his many courageous supporters made on several occasions to preserve the Hashemite Kingdom, put into a fresh perspective just how superficial and unappreciative this new King and his advisors were being when they brazenly ripped away the position of Crown Prince from the fine young man, Crown Prince Hamzah, so that the new King could achieve his own selfish objectives. Because in reality, he had not mainly betrayed only King Hussein and ALLAH. He had also betrayed every Bedouin fighter and Jordanian soldier who had either risked their lives or had given their lives to preserve both the Hashemite Kingdom and its King. Related to what I perceive as the shallowness and immaturity of the decision to demote Crown Prince Hamzah, I asked several Jordanians the following question. Assuming that Prince Abdullah had promised King Hussein that Prince Hamzah would be retained as Crown Prince, when Abdullah became King, what is your opinion of the new King breaking that promise and removing Crown Prince Hamzah from being Crown Prince so that he would no longer be first in line to become King if something happened to Abdullah? Their consistent, fairly unanimous replies both surprised and disappointed me. Though I spoke with each person with no one else listening and before even superficially revealing my own viewpoint, they all basically agreed. Though they all liked Prince Hamzah immensely, they each for one reason or another thought there was virtually nothing wrong with the new King having broken his solemn promise to the long reigning former King of Jordan. I did not challenge any of their positions or ask them any questions to have them support their positions as I was only trying to get a small cross section of what people thought. However, my small sampling of five or six did not include any Muslims. Though I did not challenge any of their opinions with my own strong biases, my mind was silently asking this question again and again. If a son who is now the King is not expected to be loyal to the moral principle of being true to a definite and easy to fulfill sacred promise made to his own dying father, and if making the promise was a condition he needed to fulfill in order to be awarded the position of King, what other principle is the new King expected to be loyal to? Is he to be loyal to the principle of who can give him the most money? Or, is he to be loyal to the principle of who will be the most faithful in covering up his deceptions of his own people? Or should he be faithful to the principle of how can he profit most from corruption? Or, he is to be the most faithful to the principle of always showing the most loyalty to those who are the most faithful in propping him up in his Kingdom such as the Bush Administration is now doing? Or should his main loyalty be to those who will support him the most in his almost debilitating gambling habit which he is persistently mentioned as suffering from? (Or if such an unconfirmed problem does exist, possibly this problem is not a problem at all. Rather, it is a privilege of a wealthy monarch of a presumed wealthy nation and there is no reason for concern by anyone. Therefore, there should be no discussion about professional treatment which could possibly bring this illness into remission or no compassionate prayers from his people to help him overcome a potentially debilitating addiction. Of course, if there is no problem with gambling, let him make an announcement of their being no problem in order to stop the persistent rumors.) Regretfully, there are other relevant questions to ask about a King who has apparently found it quite easy to betray his own father. How can prestigious Universities which must guard their reputations for integrity, invite him to be a guest lecturer on solving problems of corruption and demonstrating transparency when he himself has been so unscrupulous in a basic matter of faithfulness to a solemn promise made to his very ill father before he died, when this very promise is what enabled him to become King? Perhaps, if Crown Prince Hamzah had retained that position, since he has a reputation for being a more strict and serious Muslim and not so much of a pragmatic businessman, there would have been no article in a reputable U.S. magazine entitled, “Kingdom of Corruption. The May 30, 05 edition of “The Nation” had this sad three page article. It especially emphasized the questionable millions if not billions of dollars that certain alleged business associates and friends of the King have made off of their network of associations and questionable business deals. Also discussed were serious curtailment of civil liberties, the manipulating and intimidating of journalists and a “royal land grab” by the King which has increased his wealth immensely and decreased the government’s holdings. This cruel betrayal by a son of an amazing statesman can easily be viewed as the most bitter betrayal which ever occurred to this world respected person who experienced so many bitter betrayals in his many productive but dangerous years as the beloved Monarch of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. But there is one positive aspect of the betrayal of the man who many consider to be greatest long term statesperson of the eventful 20th Century. The betrayal by this ungrateful son did not occur during his father’s life so the ugly betrayal did not contribute to his death by lymphoma. Though this betrayal had no direct relationship to the King’s death, it appears to have been more injurious to the soul of the Kingdom than any other betrayal during the King’s emotionally painful life. I refer to the deep wound to the very soul of Jordan because even though the replacement King glibly lectures about how vital transparency is in government, no journalist or anyone else dare to publicly question any decision made by the King without paying a heavy personal and professional price. Therefore, I believe that it is ALLAH who is most disgusted with the evil and shame the new King has brought to this nation. Yet, there is another related problem which ALLAH will deal with in order to bring healing to the wound which has been inflicted on Jordan due to the son’s betrayal of a solemn promise. For healing to take place, there must be public discussion of how to proceed with the healing process. Yet, this King’s strange and hypocritical view of transparency involves forbidding each and every Muslim preacher in the many, many Mosques of Jordan to publicly talk about the seriousness of a Muslim son breaking a solemn promise to his Muslim King and his Muslim father. Additionally, every Christian preacher in the many Churches of Jordan, in the interest of severe transparency, is forbidden to speak of this subject. According to the source of “The Nation” journalist, the Palace explicitly warned the media that the dismissal of Hamzah was a private family matter and should not be discussed by the media beyond a superficial announcement of the dismissal in order to give Prince Hamzah more freedom to pursue other interests. Apparently, if it cannot be mentioned by the media, then government officials are not truly free to discuss this forbidden subject. It is as though truth is now defined in this “transparent” Kingdom by what the King decides is true. Truth dare not be what ALLAH Himself defines as truth. Therefore, true truth is now walked upon in the streets as if it were only dust and no one is even allowed to comment upon this sick phenomenon. If they do, they are in the ever present danger of being exposed by the King’s omnipresent, “thought police.” Consequently, the soul of the Kingdom has suffered a potentially lethal wound. If it is not soon washed with the antiseptic of honesty, continually cleansed with transparency, treated with wisdom, the gangrene of resentment will set in and only ALLAH knows what form the illness of the Jordanian Kingdom will take. Because when the entire people of a small Kingdom are forced to believe that there is absolutely nothing inherently evil in a new King breaking a solemn and binding promise to a former King, something is dreadfully wrong. Yet, this particular betrayed King had over many long years of faithful and often dangerous service to his people, especially earned the right to have a sacred promise kept which was made to him by his successor who was his oldest son. But the promise was even more binding because the oldest son only became his successor on the condition that he keep the promise. So it is now an evil silence which cannot be acknowledged which has begun to reign over the Kingdom and the new King in actuality is no longer reigning. In the sight of ALLAH, there has been no true King reigning in Jordan since Crown Prince Hamzah was dismissed. Due to King Hussein’s eldest son receiving the Kingship on the basis of a solemn promise made to the reigning King, in a spiritual sense, when that promise was broken a LIE began to reign over Jordan and not a true King. As previously stated, of the several Christians whom I asked about the current King breaking a solemn promise to enable him to demote Crown Prince Hamzah, they each, in a broad minded, non judgmental way, provided excuses for the King to break any promise which he may have made to anyone, if the new King and his advisors decided that breaking the promise would be in the long term interest of the Kingdom to do so. This is basically because a King has absolute authority and supposedly has the right to do anything that he believes is to the long range benefit of his Kingdom. Refreshingly, when I later talked briefly with an older Muslim educator about the King’s sudden demotion of the Crown Prince, he voiced deep concern about the King apparently breaking his own promise to his King father in order to demote Crown Prince Hamzah. He added that he thought that breaking this virtually sacred promise would inevitably come back to do harm to the King and to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It was as though this particular Muslim man had strong conviction that a sacred promise made by a son to his father which enabled him to be appointed King is a binding sacred promise. A solemn promise remains binding even though the nation’s constitution may allow the new King on the advice of his wife and his other advisors, to break the promise even though there is no over-riding emergency that makes such a step necessary. The idea that the King is the King, and as King gets to rule the Kingdom as he unilaterally decides what is in the best interest of the Kingdom did not fly with this Muslim man of principle. In the mind of the King and his advisors, the demotion of Crown Prince Hamzah may be related to a scenario similar to the following. If they have suspicions in their hearts or minds or possibly have heard unsubstantiated rumors from the Mukabarat (secret police) that there are those who are especially pleased that Crown Prince Hamzah is only one bullet away from being the new King, then they would not be comfortable in allowing that fragile situation to remain. So even though the situation is very vague and there is no real threat, they decide it is best for the future stability of the Kingdom to eliminate Hamzah from that position of potential power. So they eliminate any potential for success of those who may want to stage an assassination or a coup in order to make him King. That may seem like quite a reasonable justification to remove Hamzah from such a convenient position to take over the Kingdom though he may have total and undivided loyalty to the present King because Hamzah is a man of honor who keeps his word. Nevertheless, the pre-emptive line of reasoning that eliminates a problem that doesn’t exist to make certain that it never exists may sound reasonable but it inevitably causes greater problems than it solves. In fact, this line of reasoning is dangerously similar to the pernicious doctrine of the new King’s apparent mentor, President George Machiavelli Bush and his two Washington, D.C. sidekicks, Wolfowitz and Cheney. In their evil doctrine of pre-emption, they justify the killing of a possible enemy because even though he is most probably not an enemy, if he is dead or captured, he has no chance to be your enemy. To take that line of reasoning to its very most ridiculous extreme, a very paranoid, simple minded man like George W. Bush could theoretically justify killing or imprisoning every one else on earth in order to eliminate all potential enemies. But returning to the real world of the Kingdom of Jordan, no matter how you cut up the pie of responsibility, this is the situation. You are always one bullet away from some person or entity, whether presently in the Kingdom or out of the Kingdom, from taking authority over the Kingdom, whether it remains the Hashemite Kingdom or is annexed by Israel with the support of the U.S. or what. So it becomes absolutely ridiculous to use the principle of pre-emption as a justification for removing Hamzah as Crown Prince. Because, to have a person with Hamzah’s integrity, loyalty, stability, capability, and with the trust of the people, benefits the present King much more than it endangers him. For the present King needs stability and not potential chaos. For chaos can be easily exploited whereas stability is much more difficult to exploit. So, having a person with Hamzah’s stability in line to become King in the case of an emergency is the greatest insurance that the emergency never occurs. No matter what form the potential emergency may take, having Hamzah in line to be the next King, guarantees a smooth transition of authority. This is much preferable to potential confusion which could he easily exploited by an entity such as a U.S. supported Israel or even a loosely organized terrorist network which would thrive on creating and profiting from chaos, anarchy and confusion. The chances of some tragic circumstance happening to Jordan’s present King are much slighter if all potential destabalizers could perceive in advance that there would be a stable and smooth transition of power to someone who both the Jordanian regular Army and the Jordanian Bedouin forces could and would respect and be loyal to. In contrast, if potential destabalizers recognized that indecision and potential rivalry and chaos were to follow the present King becoming unfit to rule, think how easy it would be for Israel to have a contrived excuse to immediately step into the perceived power vacuum backed by the United States, all under the banner of regional stability. I would have a crisis of conscience if I did not possess the integrity to declare my conviction that it is totally wrong for this new King to shamefully disrespect his own father who was his Muslim Hashemite King. This new King has disrespected the noble Hashemite legacy even though he himself is now recognized by some as continuing the honor of being a Muslim Hashemite King. He receives this respect from some despite the dishonor that he has now temporarily brought on that honorable legacy by the way that he has disrespectfully treated the former Crown Prince Hamzah by removing him from being Crown Prince, after he promised his father that he would keep him as Crown Prince. In summary, this unique King who would have changed the course of history for good if he had received reasonable cooperation, was betrayed by his own ungrateful and possibly Bush influenced son. But the son did not betray his father for thirty pieces of silver, the ugly reward which Judas received from the Jewish high priests for his wicked betrayal of our now Risen Messiah. Rather, this oldest son betrayed a dedicated Peacemaker of the 20th century Middle East in order to serve and worship a Trinity which so many world leaders have chosen to worship and serve rather than ALLAH. The new King betrayed his own father who was his King in order to obtain a firmer grip on that Trinity he has chosen as a cheap substitute for ALLAH; the untrustworthy, inferior Trinity of Fame, Wealth and Power. If in the hereafter I were to have a similar conversation as the following with his majesty, King Hussein of the Hashemite King of Jordan, I would not want to be ashamed because of him thinking that I had not sincerely tried to defend both his personal honor and the positive reputation of his Hashemite legacy. His Majesty King Hussein speaking to Tom Griffith in the Hereafter “Tom, as a person who was openly welcomed into our Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan when you, your family and your friends from the American Community School in Beirut were fleeing from the tragic civil war in Lebanon, why were you recently reluctant to try to expose the dishonor to our Hashemite Kingdom that was being brought by my oldest son on both our Hashemite legacy and on myself? Did you temporarily forget the favor my faithful armed forces showed you again and again by stabilizing this Hashemite Kingdom so that our Kingdom could be stable enough to welcome refugees from other nations who were fleeing the chaos in their own nation? For you yourself have often quoted the British Statesperson, Edmond Burke who proclaimed, “All that is necessary for evil to prevail is for good men to do nothing.” So think, Tom, how you would have lived with your conscience if you failed to return our favor of welcoming you, your family and your colleagues as refugees from the chaos in Lebanon, if you had not at least tried to expose the shame that my rebellious son has brought on our Hashemite Kingdom? “Tom, it was best that it not be a Jordanian living in Jordan who would try to take a major role in exposing the shame of the tragic demotion of my son who suddenly had his deserved position of Crown Prince ruthlessly ripped away from him. You saw how it was detailed in that U.S. magazine, “The Nation” about the undeserved persecution that has already occurred to a number of courageous Jordanians who have recently paid a heavy personal cost for trying to help our noble Hashemite Kingdom to be healed of some of the poisonous corruption which is beginning to overwhelm it. As you are familiar about what happened to the very respected King Daoud (David) of Israel in his later years, it can be the case that an unappreciative, privileged son can turn like a savage lion on his own father. So a son wanting to replace his living father as King like Prince Absolom wanted to replace King David, or a son wanting to deprive his younger brother Hamzah of ever being King, can both do the same shameful thing though many, many centuries separate them. It seems that the lust for power or the selfish unwillingness to potentially give up power does not change for those who virtually worship ambition. They are quite willing to subordinate honor to such a dishonorable pursuit as palace intrigue. Of course, such basic selfish behavior can temporarily bring shame on a Kingdom and bring much suffering to many people, all under the ugly banners of “selfishness and expediency.” Let me tell you a short and tragic story that relates to my oldest son Abdullah’s lame smokescreen of an excuse that he demoted Crown Prince Hamzah from being Crown Prince for Hamzah’s own good so that he would have “more freedom of movement.” That excuse was absolutely absurd because as King he has all the power to give the Crown Prince all the freedom of movement that he wants him to have, without removing his honor of being Crown Prince. King Hussein’s Parable “Lets Throw our Beautiful Baby Out With the Bathwater” There once was a loving father who ALLAH had blessed with a beautiful, beloved boy baby for whom he wanted to have a wonderful future. One day while his wife was out of their home visiting the lady gossip next door, the adoring father decided to give their beautiful baby boy a bath. As he was finishing the bath his wife came home with wild comments made by the older woman next door whom they both foolishly viewed as a sort of family counselor. However, the woman’s two rebellious sons were constantly giving her a hard time and making life miserable for this widow. So she told the young mother of the beautiful baby: “You and your husband may both think that your baby is great now. But you just wait! When he grows up, he will give you both a very hard time. Then you and your husband and your child will each be very sorry that he did not die when he was just an innocent, adorable baby.” Two problems that this young couple had are that they both were easily influenced and they both made quick decisions. When the young, loving father heard what his wife had just told him there was absolutely silence. Their minds were both racing to try to imagine all of the future problems that this lovely young child might cause for them when he grew up, as their eyes stayed fixed on their precious baby. Then they silently looked into each other’s eyes as their minds continued to race about the evil and discomfort this little baby would some day bring into their lives. Suddenly they both simultaneously said to each other in unison the exact same words as if a magic, evil force was prompting them. “It will be for his own good.” After those words were simultaneously spoken, the mother, without a tear picked up the new clean baby clothes and threw them into the zabali (garbage) as the father threw the silent, smiling baby into the drainage ditch along with the soapy but almost clean bath water. When alarmed relatives and neighbors began inquiring about what happened to their beautiful baby named “Prince” whom they did not see anymore, the parent’s answer was always quite strange and somewhat brief. “Its just a private family matter of what happened to our baby. Even though he is still quite young, you just will not be seeing him any more. Besides, it is only ourselves who know what is best for his future and the future of our family. So if you ask any more questions we will report you to our uncle, the Police Chief, for harassing us and he will throw you in to prison. Immediately the neighbors and relatives understood quite clearly that it was personally dangerous for them to ask more questions because these cruel parents had the law under their thumb. So most of them forgot about precious baby Prince but others did not forget. So those who still remembered repeatedly said to the empty air as if it were a prayer, “But what can we do?” Though they did not quite mean these words as a prayer, ALLAH heard all of their words as a united prayer even before they had said them. After a few days the news finally reached their isolated village that a miracle had occurred in another village a few miles away. A wonderful old farmer whose elderly wife had never been able to become pregnant had miraculously found a beautiful baby. He was almost covered with mud and he found him at the edge of their irrigation ditch. They were absolutely delighted that ALLAH had now blessed them with their own precious son in their old age. When a few people from Prince’s village went to see the miracle baby they recognized immediately that it was Prince. But they did not say a word to the wonderful new parents about where he had come from because all that this old couple cared about was that was he was a gift from ALLAH. But neither did the neighbors say anything to his former parents about Prince, because his parents had made it clear that what happened to Prince was their private family matter, and the matter was forever closed. So the old farmer and his wife dearly loved their precious gift from ALLAH and he dearly loved them. They soon named him the wonderful ALLAH glorifying name of Abdullah, meaning servant of ALLAH. They chose this name because they knew deep in their hearts that their son would always be a servant of ALLAH, and would never betray anyone, no matter how much another person or even his future wife, might urge him to do so. One day when Abdullah was eleven, he was out in their garden picking some delicious cherries for his mother. While his father was getting a drink of water in the kitchen of their small home, the old farmer suddenly called out for help to his still beloved bride as he grabbed his chest. He could not get his breath because he was having a heart attack. As his wife reached out with her right hand to help him, her left hand grasped her own chest. She too was having trouble breathing. So overcome with fear for her dear lover’s life, she also was having a heart attack. As arranged by the Merciful, Abdullah was near enough to the kitchen, that through the open window he faintly heard them calling his name. When he rushed into the room he found them quietly dying in each other’s arms. As they were departing to be forever with ALLAH, he heard their last five precious words spoken in unison in a whisper, as if they were each being led by ALLAH’s precious Spirit. “Abdullah, we’ll love you forever!” After those last words they each took their last breath while their son’s warm tears gently anointed their contented faces. Soon, when the loving King and the childless Queen of the gentle, honest Kingdom, of Urdoon heard about the former miracle baby who was now an eleven year old orphan, they silently looked into each other’s tender eyes. The Divine power of love and compassion simultaneously captured their entire beings. Without speaking a word, the King and the Queen both immediately knew what their hearts and minds were telling them that they must do. They must quickly make arrangements to adopt the young orphan boy now named Abdullah, as their own son. After five years of Abdullah loving the King and Queen and them loving him no less, they easily made their final decision. At sixteen years old, Abdullah was absolutely prepared and worthy to become the Crown Prince of their peaceful, transparent loving Kingdom of Urdoon. Sadly, the man and his wife who had silently agreed to throw their small baby named Prince into the drainage ditch along with the soapy bath water because of the troubles their evil imaginations told them that he would cause, lived out their lives in lonely shame. Their former friends continued to speak to them only about the weather. This lonely couple also remained totally unaware that the small baby that they had silently agreed together to murder was now their Crown Prince. And one day, if ALLAH wills, he will have a new title. He will wish to be known as: His Majesty, the always believable King of the incorruptible Hashemite Kingdom of Urdoon. You know, Tom it pains me to find it necessary to tell a story like that in order to expose my oldest son and his wife for what some advisors convinced them that they had to do to Crown Prince Hamzah. But that often over worked short saying, “You shouldn’t throw the baby out with the bath water” was certainly applicable in this situation. Whatever present or future problems that the advisors saw with Hamzah being Crown Prince, could have been resolved by a reasonable King. With the aid of ALLAH he could have discovered how to be resourceful in solving the situation so that a sacred promise made in ALLAH’s very presence would not have been casually but violently broken. All that the King would have needed to have done was to sincerely sought ALLAH’s aid through prayer and then after the situation was somehow resolved, throw the dirty water out from the washing which occurred. But, to over react and throw out Crown Prince Hamzah with whatever dirty water the situation caused was not demonstrating that this King has sufficient mental stability to lead his people or that he was getting some exceptionally bad advice. I hate to say it but my oldest son seems to be as superficial in his thinking as George W. Bush, a man who cannot hold two competing ideas in his mind at the same time. He is certainly no example of a leader who is able to weigh the long term negative consequences of his own rash or stubborn decisions. Speaking of that strange and intellectually challenged U.S. President, you know what hurts me almost as much as my oldest son and his wife’s harsh rejection of Crown Prince Hamzah, is this. Sometimes I am worried that Prince Abdullah having attended so much school in the more Christian, more technologically advanced and more wealthy U.K. and U.S., has resulted in him becoming a Muslim King who is very confused about Islam and the special honor that is an integral part of our Muslim Hashemite legacy. Now, whether I like it or not, I am upset to observe that he appears to have taken on that Machiavellian Christian, failed business man but successful dictator, Bush, as sort of a combination mentor, model and patron. So enamored has my oldest son become with the technical achievement, wealth, and raw amoral power of the more supposed Christian U.S., that I now have an extremely disturbing thought that sporadically creeps into my mind. I often think that if I had been a Christian instead of a Muslim and if Prince Hamzah were a Christian instead of a Muslim, the outwardly Muslim Abdullah would not have chosen to bring the shame on himself, or on his family and on the Hashemite Kingdom that he has brought on us. Because, despite what he says, he appears to have lost considerable respect for our Islamic Hashemite legacy which is based on our direct lineage from the Prophet. Also, if Prince Hamzah and I were not Muslims but were Christians, he knows that the self proclaimed Christian, George Bush, with his large, often confused Christian right wing following, would not have allowed him, as the new Muslim King, to dishonor my son Hamzah and myself if we were Christians instead of Muslims. It is quite easy to see that the American Bush Administration has allowed my son, Abdullah, to treat Crown Prince Hamzah and myself in some very disgraceful ways that they never would have permitted him to do if Crown Prince Hamzah had been a Christian. But since the two of us are only “Muslims” there has been no U.S. protest regarding Abdullah’s disgraceful demotion of Crown Prince Hamzah and his cruel betrayal of me. Like sick birds, that self seeking Bush Administration did not make even a tiny peep when a Machiavellian older brother betrayed or more correctly, swindled a strategically important Muslim Crown Prince out of what he rightfully deserved. Did they not owe me that courtesy after all I have tried to do for them and for my bending over backwards to be exceptionally fair to their pet, Israel, even though Israel was almost never fair to the Palestinians. You had better believe that they owed me a strong protest of such a blatant injustice to my oldest son of my last and longest marriage. This total absence of justified protest occurred even though that pragmatic and scheming Bush realized that Abdullah heavy handedly demoted his younger brother, Crown Prince Hamzah. Bush was fully aware that totally unjustly the people of Jordan would always be deprived and denied of their true Crown Prince and that he would be denied the throne that before ALLAH he should one day, ALLAH Willing, have the opportunity to have. When Abdullah was deciding to abruptly dump my son who he solemnly promised me would always be Jordan’s Crown Prince, the forever scheming Bush boys just brushed it off like dandruff from the shoulders of their black suits. They thought of it as just one more insignificant injustice that those backward Muslims periodically pull on each other. My deceptive son was definitely counting on the Bush Americans just saying to each other something like, “Look at the disrespect with which that Jordanian Muslim Royal Family treats each other. So we don’t get involved with justice issues over there with them unless it is to defend Israel or to safeguard our relatively cheap oil supply.” So Abdullah was counting on the Bush Boys laughing off injustice against Crown Prince Hamzah just like they laugh off injustice against Palestinians, against American Blacks and against American Indians. Unless it involves some kind of perceived injustice against Israeli interests, the Americans could not care less. Of course, Tom, there is also the definite possibility that the Bush gangsters pressured the new King to dump Crown Prince Hamzah. This would have been because Bush has had as his main advisor and confidant, Carl Rove, a man who has the ethics of a starving mountain lion. This heartless man would slowly claw to death his own blind grandmother in her wheel chair if his heartless act helped him defeat a competent, deserving Democrat. So don’t expect them to have any tolerance for a very strict, sincere and honest Muslim like Crown Prince Hamzah. The contrast between the Crown Prince’s ethics and those of the Machiavellian Christian Administration, is enough to make many Christians in the world to consider becoming Muslims. Crown Prince Hamzah would just have no tolerance for the present corrupt business dealings in the Kingdom which favors Cheney type pet projects like Halliburton. Speaking of corruption, can’t you see how Abdullah’s dumping his serious Muslim Crown Prince, ties together with the current reputation the Kingdom now has for corruption with three Mukabarat directors each allegedly being involved in serious corruption. For once it is realized that the King himself has such low ethics that he would betray his own father by breaking a sacred promise to him, what kind of message does that give to the people of his Kingdom? It gives them the very clear message that truth and transparency have exceptionally low priority no matter what he might say in his English speeches at foreign Universities. In fact Tom, I have observed that my oldest son has become so confused regarding the honor of Islam that I have a horrible concern. I am desperately worried that he is secretly desiring to become a Machiavellian Christian King like he sees President Bush openly being an amoral Machiavellian Christian President. But Tom, the bottom line is this. I trust ALLAH with all of my heart. So I sincerely believe that ALLAH will somehow bring good out of the mess my oldest son has gotten himself and our Kingdom into while under the toxic influence of that amoral President of yours. In the event that my son ever tries to claim that he made no promise to me that he would retain Hamzah as his Crown Prince, I hope the faithful people of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan will respectfully but publicly request that the following well organized procedure occur. The new King will appear on national T.V. in a similar way that the American President Bill Clinton was forced to publicly tell the truth in front of T.V. cameras or bring shame on himself by publicly lying. Because if you lie under oath, ALLAH will make certain that the truth will eventually expose you. So let him appear on T.V. in the presence of respected representatives of both Islam and Christianity. Then with his right hand on both the Holy Quran and on the Kitab al Muqqadas (The Holy Bible), let him also swear on the life of his oldest son about what he did or did not promise his father regarding Prince Hamzah being retained as Crown Prince. Let him clearly express how he thought that his father understood the promise. Was it a promise clearly, explicitly spoken or was it only an implied sacred promise? But he must be required to tell what he thought in his heart was the expectation in my heart concerning the future of Crown Prince Hamzah. Tom, the bottom line is this. My Queen and I trusted and had confidence in the integrity of the new King and his new Queen. But our trust was repaid with betrayal with the complicity of disloyal advisors. So the betrayal and shame on the Hashemite Kingdom can only be healed when something quite similar to this occurs. Let the King and the Queen appear on T.V. before the entire nation. Then the King, without apologies or explanation, must tell Hamzah that he is once again the Crown Prince of Jordan’s Hashemite Kingdom with the official documents being signed on live television in the clear view of all the people of our Hashemite Kingdom. back to "Pre-2005 Middle East Observations" page __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ __________________________ _____________ |